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Sussex Carol
The Sussex Carol is a Christmas carol popular in Britain, sometimes referred to by its first line ''On Christmas night all Christians sing''. Its words were first published by Luke Wadding, a 17th-century Irish bishop, in a work called ''Small Garland of Pious and Godly Songs'' (1684). It is unclear whether Wadding wrote the song or was recording an earlier composition.〔John Garden, ''The Christmas Carol Dance Book'', (Earthly Delights, 2003)〕〔(On Christmas Night ), www.hymnsandcarolsofchristmas.com〕
Both the text and the tune to which it is now sung were discovered and written down by Cecil Sharp in Buckland, Gloucestershire and Ralph Vaughan Williams, who heard it being sung by a Harriet Verrall of Monk's Gate, near Horsham, Sussex (hence "Sussex Carol").〔Cecil Sharp, ''English Folk-Carols'' ((London: Novello & Co., 1911), pp. 24-25.〕 The tune to which it is generally sung today is the one Vaughan Williams took down from Mrs Verrall and published in 1919.〔
An earlier version using a different tune, and a variation on the first line, ''On Christmas night true Christians sing'', was published as early as 1878 in Henry Ramsden Bramley and John Stainer's ''Christmas Carols New and Old''.〔Henry Ramsden Bramley and John Stainer, ''Christmas Carols New and Old'' (London: Novello, Ewer & Co., ca 1878)〕 The carol has been arranged by a number of composers. Vaughan Williams' setting is found in his ''Eight Traditional English Carols''.〔Ralph Vaughan Williams, ''Eight Traditional English Carols'', (Stainer & Bell, 1919)〕 Several years earlier, Vaughan Williams had included the carol in his ''Fantasia on Christmas Carols'', first performed at the 1912 Three Choirs Festival at Hereford Cathedral.〔Ralph Vaughan Williams, ''Fantasia on Christmas Carols'' (Stainer & Bell, 1912)〕 Erik Routley's arrangement in the 1961 ''University Carol Book'' adds a modal inflection to the setting.〔Erik Routley, "Sussex Carol" in ''The University Carol Book'' (reprint: Banks Music Publications, 2007)〕 The carol often appears at the King's College "Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols", where it is performed in arrangements by either David Willcocks or Philip Ledger, both former directors of music at the chapel.〔(Order of Service 2002 ), ''kings.cam.ac.uk''〕〔(Order of Service 2005 ), ''kings.cam.ac.uk'', p.20〕 Willcock's arrangement appears in the first OUP ''Carols for Choirs''.〔Willcocks, Jacques, ''Carols for Choirs'' (Oxford University Press)〕
==Text==
A number of variations on the text exist, although all feature the repetition of the first two stanzas. Below is a comparison between the text collected by Cecil Sharp in Gloucestershire, Ralph Vaughan Williams in Sussex (the version used in his ''Fantasia'' and both the David Willcocks and Philip Ledger arrangements) and the version printed by Bramley and Stainer in 1878.
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